HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY CHAPTER II
THE FRIENDS, OR QUAKERS, IN HARRISON COUNTY.

    The founder of the society of Friends was George Fox, who was born at Drayton in the Clay, in Liecestershire, England, in July, 1624. His father was a Puritan weaver, and the son, originally intended for the church, was apprenticed to a shoemaker and dealer in wool. "In 1643," he says, "I left my relations, and broke off all familiarity with young or old." For the next few years, he was in spiritual darkness, and groped after the light. He dates the beginning of his Society from Liecestershire, in 1644. The course of Quakerism was at first toward the north of England. It appeared in Warwickshire in 1645; in Nottinghamshire in 1646; in Derby in 1647; in the adjacent counties in 1648, 1649, and 1650. It reached Yorkshire in 1651; Lancaster and Westmoreland, 1652; Cumberland, Durham, and Northumberland, 1653; London, and most other parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland, in 1654. In 1655, Friends went beyond sea, "where truth also sprung up," and in 1656 "it broke forth in America, and many other places." (Fox's Journal, II., 442.)

    The Society of Friends was not organized by the establishment of meetings to inspect the affairs of the church until some years after Fox began preaching, and then a prominent part of the business of these meetings was to aid those Friends who were in prison, for persecution followed hard upon their increase in numbers. In 1661, 500 were in prison in London alone; there were 4,000 in jail in all England; and the Act of Indulgence liberated 1,200 Quakers in 1673.But Quakerism flourished under persecution. They showed a firmness which has been seen nowhere else in the annals of religious history. Other Dissenters might temporize, plot against the Government, or hold meetings in secret; the Quakers, never. They scorned these things. They received the brutal violence of the Government in meekness; they met openly, and in defiance of its orders; they wearied it by their very persistence. Nevertheless, the simplicity, the earnestness, the devotion, and the practical nature of this system of theology, when contrasted with the dry husk of Episcopacy, and the jangling creeds of the Dissenters, won them adherents by the thousands. They came mostly from the lower ranks of society, but from all sects.

    Quakerism is distinctively the creed of the seventeenth century. Seekers were in revolt against the established order. It gave these seekers what they were looking for. In theology, it was un-Puritan; but in cultus, modes; and forms, it was more than Puritan. The Quaker was the Puritan of the Puritans. He was an extremist, and this brought him into conflict with the established order. He believed that Quakerism was primitive Christianity revived. He recognized no distinction between the clergy and the laity; he refused to swear, for Christ had said, swear not at all; he refused to fight, for the religion of Christ is a religion of love, not of war; he would pay no tithes, for Christ had said, ye have freely received, freely give; he called no man master, for he thought the terms, Rabbi, Your Holiness, and Right Reverend connoted the same idea. He rejected the dogmas of water baptism and the Puritan Sabbath, and in addition to these, claimed that inspiration is not limited to the writers of the Old and New Testaments,but is the gift of Jehovah to all men who will accept it, and to interpret the Scriptures, men must be guided by the Spirit that guided its authors. Here was the cardinal doctrine of their creed, and the point where they differed radically from other Dissenters. Add to this the doctrine of the Inner Light, the heavenly guide given directly to inform or illuminate the individual conscience, and we have the corner-stones of their system.

    In July, 1656, Ann Austin and Mary Fisher, the vanguard of a Quaker army,appeared in Boston from Barbados. They were the first Quakers to arrive in America. They were imprisoned and shipped back. In October of the same year, a law was passed, which provided a fine for the shipmaster who knowingly brought in Quakers, and obliged him to carry them out again. The Quaker was to be whipped, and committed to the house of correction. Any person importing books, "or writings concerning their devilish opinions," or defending their "heretical opinions," was to be fined, and, for the third offense, banished. Nor was any person to revile the magistrates and ministry, "as is usual with the  Quakers." The law of October, 1657, imposed a fine for entertaining a Quaker. If a Quaker returned after being sent away once, he was to lose one ear; if he returned the second time, the other ear; and the third offense was punished by boring the tongue. The law of October, 1658, banished both resident and foreign Quakers, under pain of death. In Massachusetts, Quakers had their ears cut off; they were branded; they were tied to the cart-tail and whipped through the streets; women were shamefully exposed to public gaze; and in 1659-60, three men and one woman were hanged on Boston Common. Such was the welcome of the first Quakers to American soil.

    Pennsylvania, the Quaker Colony, was founded by William Penn, in 1681, under a patent granted by Charles II. on March 4th of that year. The first colony left England in August, 1681, in three ships, the John and Sarah, from London, the Amity, from London, and the Factor, from Bristol. The John and Sarah is said to have landed first; the Amity was carried by a gale to the West Indies; and the Factor, having proceeded up the Delaware as far as the present town of Chester, was, on December 11th, frozen up in the channel, and its passengers obliged to pass the winter there. William Penn had sent his cousin, Captain William Markham, with the colonists, as deputy governor, and did not emigrate himself until the month of August, 1682, when he embarked on the Welcome. After a passage of some two months, during which smallpox broke out among the emigrants, and carried off one-third of their number, Penn and his fellow colonists landed at Newcastle, Del., on October 27th. Of the history of Penn's colony, and of the Quaker government during the next ninety-three years, and until it was finally overthrown in 1776 by the Revolutionary Scotch-Irish, it is not necessary here to speak.

    Much of this is familiar history to every school-boy. But the influence of the Quakers in the settlement and growth of the states south of Pennsylvania, has never been sufficiently recognized; and as it was from these states that most of the Quaker emigrants to Harrison and adjoining counties came, it will be appropriate to inquire into the history of the Quaker in the South. "They appeared in Virginia," says Dr. Stephen B. Weeks (from whose work on Southern Quakers and Slavery much of this sketch is condensed), "soon after their organization; they were in the Carolinas almost with the first settlers; they were considerable in number and substance; they were well-behaved and law-abiding; they maintained friendly relations with the Indians; they were industrious and frugal; they were zealous missionaries; and through their earnest and faithful preaching became, toward the close of the seventeenth century, the largest and only organized body of Dissenters in these colonies.

    "They have always been zealous supporters of religious freedom. They bore witness to their faith under bodily persecution in Virginia; under disfranchisement and tithes in the Carolinas and Georgia. By reason of their organization and numbers, they were bold and aggressive in North Carolina, in the struggle against the Established Church. They took the lead in this struggle for religious freedom in the first half of the eighteenth century, as the Presbyterians did in the latter half. They continued an important element in the life of these states until about 1800, when their protest against slavery took the form of migration. They left their old homes in the South by thousands, and removed to the free Northwest, particularly Ohio and Indiana. These emigrants composed the middle and lower ranks of society, who had few or no slaves, and who could not come into economic competition with slavery. They were accompanied by many who were not Quakers, but who were driven to emigration by the same economic cause, and so great was this emigration that in 1850, one-third of the population of Indiana is said to have been made up of native North Carolinians and their children.

    "Soon after 1800, Quakers disappeared entirely from the political and religious life of South Carolina and Georgia. They now number only a few hundred in Virginia. They are now relatively less important in North Carolina than in colonial days, but are still an important factor in the making of that state."

    Under the Ordinance of 1787, passed by Congress for the government of the Northwest Territory, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for crime, was to be allowed in any part of this territory; and with a legal guarantee in the organic law of the territory, it became a fit home for men who found themselves driven to migration by the institution of slavery in the South.

    When we come to study these Quaker migrations in detail, there is little to differentiate those of one state from those of another. They went in substantially the same way, but owing to difference in location, pursued different routes. At first, North Carolina Quakers went very largely to Tennessee, while Virginia Quakers, being nearer, went directly to Ohio. In this way, Virginia Quakers took possession of Ohio, while North Carolina Quakers pressed on to Indiana.

    The first settlers going West, after the opening of the Northwest Territory to settlement, stopped naturally in Ohio. As there were then no Friends' meetings in that territory,Quaker emigrants left their certificates at Redstone (in Fayette county) and Westland (in Washington county), Pennsylvania. The first certificate to Westland meeting is dated June 24, 1785. Most of the certificates to Westland and Redstone came from Virginia meetings. The migrations of Carolina Friends to this part of the West were few, until after the establishment of the Ohio meetings. After 1785, certificates from Virginia monthly meetings to Redstone and Westland became numerous; about half of them represent families, some of them being young couples who turned to the West for their fortunes. Those Friends who took certificates to Redstone and Westland were but the advance guard of the western migration which set in about the year 1800. They continued to go to these meetings for a year or two longer; thus South River sent twelve to Westland in 1801, and the southern Goose Creek sent fifteen in 1801 and 1802, of which thirteen were families, besides a considerable number sent before the beginning of the present century. Meetings were soon established within the Northwest Territory, and then Westland soon disappears as a stopping place. Thus, in 1802, we find certificates from South River to "Concord Monthly Meeting, Northwest Territory;" but this name almost immediately gives place to "Concord Monthly Meeting, State of Ohio," and the migrations at once become very numerous. Mr. Williams' very full account of the emigration of his own family from North Carolina to Concord settlement (in Colerain township, Belmont county) will be found in the Chapter on Harrison County Pioneers. During the first ten years of the century, most of the emigrants from Virginia went from Crooked Run, Hopewell, South River, and the two Goose Creek Monthly Meetings; during the second decade they went from Hopewell, South River, and the southern Goose Creek Monthly Meetings. The migration from the northern Goose Creek and Hopewell became active again about 1825, and continued so until 1836. The meetings in Virginia which belonged to Baltimore Yearly Meeting were the first to send out settlers, for they were nearer the western country, and had less to hold them in the way of local associations. From 1812-16, there was a considerable migration from the lower meetings of the Virginia Yearly Meeting. Of the meetings belonging to this Yearly Meeting, South River furnished the greater number of emigrants. From this meeting there went eighty-six families, and forty-three single persons, their removal covering the forty years from 1801 to 18-10. In the same way, migrations from the southern Goose Creek began with the century, were to Westland first, and then to Ohio. These removals sapped the life of the Meeting, and it was laid down in 1814. In 1811, the movement began among all the lower meetings. Emigrants from Virginia went largely to Ohio. Those who took certificates to the Indiana meetings belong to the later period.

    The first migration from North Carolina to the West was made directly over the Allegheny mountains, by the adventurers who laid the foundations of Tennessee. The first considerable movement of Friends from North Carolina to the Northwest was made from the Contentnea Quarter. It was emphatic and sweeping in its character. It was literally a migration. A letter written from Concord, Belmont county, Ohio, (the Quaker settlement a few miles southeast of New Athens), by Borden Stanton, one of the leaders of this migration, to Friends at Wrightsborough, Ga., who were also thinking of going West, and who did so at a later date, has fortunately been preserved. It reveals to us the motives, the troubles, and the trials of these modern pilgrims to an unknown land. It is dated 25th of 5th month, 1802, and reads as follows:

    Dear Friends--Having understood by William Patten and William Hogan, from your parts, that a number among you have had some thoughts and turnings of mind respecting a removal to this country; and as it has been the lot of a number of us to undertake the work a little before you, I thought a true statement (for your information) of some of our strugglings and reasonings concerning the propriety of our moving....
   I may begin thus, and say, that for several years Friends had some distant view of moving out of that oppressive part of the land, but did not know where, until the year 1799, when we had an acceptable visit from some traveling Friends of the western part of Pennsylvania. They thought proper to propose to Friends for consideration, whether it would not be agreeable to best wisdom for us unitedly to remove northwest to the Ohio river,to a place where there were no slaves held, being a free country. This proposal made a deep impression on our minds.
   Nevertheless, although we had a prospect of something of the kind, it was at first very crossing to my natural inclination; being well settled as to the outward. So I strove against the thoughts of moving for some time . as it seemed likely to break up our Monthly Meeting, which I had reason to believe was set up in the wisdom of Truth. Thus, I was concerned many times to weigh the matter as in the balance of the sanctuary; till at length, I considered that there was no prospect of our number being' increased by convincement, on account of the oppression that abounded in that land...
   Under a view of these things, I was made sensible, beyond doubting, that it was in the ordering of wisdom for us to remove; and that the Lord was opening a way for our enlargement, if found worthy. Friends generally feeling something of the same, there were three of them who went to view the country, and one worthy public Friend. They traveled on till they came to this part of the western country, where they were stopped in their minds,'believing it was the place for Friends to settle. So they returned back, and informed us of the same in a solemn meeting; in which dear Joseph Dew, the public Friend, intimated that he saw the seed of God sown in abundance, which extended far northwestward. This information, in the way it was delivered to us, much tendered our spirits, and strengthened us in the belief that it was right. So we undertook the work, and found the Lord to be a present helper in every needful time, as he was sought unto; yea, to be as "a pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night;" and thus we were led safely along until we arrived here.

    The story of their departure from their old homes can be given substantially in their own words (records of Contentnea Quarterly Meeting):

    It appears by a copy of the minutes of a monthly meeting on Trent river, in Jones county, N. C. held in the ninth and tenth months, 1799, that the weighty subject of the members thereof being about to remove unitedly to the territory northwestward of the Ohio river, was and had been be:fore that time deliberately under their consideration. And the same proposal was solemnly laid before their Quarterly Meeting, held at Contentnea on the ninth of the tenth month; which, on weighing the matter and its circumstances, concluded to leave said Friends at their liberty to proceed therein, as way might be opened for them; yet the subject was continued till their next Quarter. And they having (before the said Monthly Meeting ceased) agreed that certificates be signed therein for the members, to convey their rights respectively to the Monthly Meeting nearest to the place of their intended settlement, showing them to be members whilst they resided there; such certificates for each other mutually were signed in their last Monthly Meeting, held at Trent aforesaid, in the first month, 1800; which was then solemnly and finally adjourned and concluded, and their privilege of holding it, together with the records of it, were delivered up to their Quarterly Meeting, held the 18th of the same month, 1800.

    They stopped first at the settlements of Friends on the Monongahela river, in Fayette and Washington counties, Pennsylvania, to prepare for their new settlement over the Ohio. They brought their certificates with them, laid their circumstances, with extracts from the minutes of their former monthly and quarterly meetings in Carolina, before Redstone Quarterly meeting, and received the advice and assistance of Friends there.

    Thus they proceeded, and made their settlement in the year 1800; and were remarkably favored with an opportunity to be accommodated with a quantity of valuable land at the place which was chosen for their settlement by the Friends who went to view the country, before the office was opened for granting lands in that territory.
   Borden Stanton continues (Friends' Miscellany, XII., 216-223):
   The first of us moved west of the Ohio in the ninth month, 1800; and none of us had a house at our command, to meet in, to worship the Almighty Being. So we met in the woods, until houses were built, which was but a short time. In less than one year, Friends so increased that two preparative meetings were settled; and in last twelfth month a monthly meeting, called Concord, also was opened, which is now large. Another preparative meeting is requested, and, also, another first and week-day meeting. Four are already granted in the territory, and three meeting-houses are built. Way appears to be opening for another  Monthly Meeting; and, I think, a Quarterly Meeting.
   I may say that as to the outward [i. e., worldly possessions], we have  been sufficiently provided for, though in a new country. Friends are  settling fast, and seem, I hope, likely to do well.  

    This seems to have been the first considerable migration from North  Carolina to the West. It seems also to have been the only case on record  where a whole meeting went in a body. But it was not the only case of  removal from Contentnea Quarter. Removals from this Quarter either to the West, or to upper meetings of the same Quarter, continued until Carteret, Beaufort, Hyde, Craven, and Jones counties were depopulated of Quakers, and the meetings there laid down. Friends in these counties now reported to Core Sound Monthly Meeting, in Carteret county. Migration from Core Sound began in 1799, when Horton Howard, secretary of the monthly meeting, took a certificate to Westland. Josiah Bundy and Joseph Bishop also removed to Westland that year. In 1802, ten parties asked for certificates; no destination was given, but we are justified in assuming that it was Westland or Concord. In 1802-04, the movement was to Concord, Northwest Territory. There was then no more emigration from there until 1831. Migrations began from Contentnea Monthly Meeting in 1800. Between 1800 and 1815, we find thirty-six certificates issued. Two were to Redstone, one to Indiana, and all the rest to Ohio, most of them to Concord.

    In the following list, an attempt has been made to give the names of those families which were the leaders in the westward migration, or which furnished the most recruits to it, from the various monthly meetings in the East. The names of the meetings to which the particular families went have also been given, with an approximation of the date:

    Hopewell Monthly Meeting, Va., sent to Concord (1803-05), members of the families of Lupton, Piggot, Jenkins, Pickering, Miller, Ellis, Steer, Bevin; to various other monthly meetings in Ohio (1804- ): McPherson, George, Walter, Wickersham, White, Walton, Wilson, Allen, Adams, Branson, Cope, Crampton, Faucett, Hackney, Janney, Lloyd, Little, Lupton, Pickering, Steer, Smith, Swayne, Townsend, Taylor.
    Fairfax Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Short Creek, Harrison county (1803-22): Lacy, Ball, Hague, Rattekir, Wood, Schuley; to other Ohio meetings (1807-44): Wright, Richardson, Connard, Wilkinson, Wood, Swayne, Janney, John, Myers, Wilson.
    Goose Creek (northern) Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1805-08): Evans, Pancoast, Sinclair, Spencer, Gregg, White, Whiteacre, Canby, Dillon, Smith; to other meetings, nearly all in Ohio (1820-54): Talbott, Buchanan, Rose, Hampton, Hughes, Nichols, Bradfield, Trehern, AMead, Wilson, Birdsall, Brown, Shoemaker, Taylor; to Salem, Columbiana county (1806-07): Craig, Smith, Canby, Janney, Gilbert.
   Crooked Run Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1803-06): Faucett, Pickering, Wright, Lupton, Piggott, Holloway, Branson, Como, Smith, Wright, Sharp.
   Goose Creek (southern) Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1802-06): McPherson, Bond, Coffee, Broomhall, Pidgeon.
   South River Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1802-05): Pidgeon, Gregg, Bloxom, Wildman; to Salem, (1805-07): Stanton, Carle, Macy, Currell, Fisher; to other meetings, mostly in Ohio: Redder, Milliner, Holloway, Fisher, Ferrell, Early, Doorman, Stratton, Johnson, Preston, Burgess, Ballard, Terrell, Lea, Cox, Cadwalader, Butler, Morgan, Bailey, Lynch.
   Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, Va.--To Salem (1812-23): Stanley, Blackburn; to Short Creek (1813-41): Moorman, Terrell, Maddox, Hargrave, Creek.
   White Oak Swamp Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1811-36): Ratcliff, Crew, Ladd, Harrison, Bates, Hockaday, Hargrave, Terrill, Andrews, Binford, Johnson, Ricks. Most of these went to Short Creek.
   Western Branch Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1805-33)' Bond, Morlan, Curl, Johnson, Anthony, Lewis, Larow, Moorland, Perdue. Howell, Powell, Butler, Stanton, James, Draper, Ricks, Chapel, Hunnicutt, Trotter, Lawrence.
   Mount Pleasant Monthly Meeting, Va.-To Concord (1805): Vimon. Davis, Bundy, Woods; to other Ohio meetings (1804-24): Thomas; Lundy, Bond, Ballard, Sumner, Beek, Pierce, Stalker, Scooly, Green, Gray, Williams, Robinson, Pierson, Wildman, Ward, Johnson, Pike, Lewis, Cary, Hunt, Anthony, Hiatt, Betts, Bundy, Jones, Chew, Davis.
   Piney Grove Monthly Meeting, S. C.-To Ohio meetings (1805-12): Stafford, Mendenhall, Beauchamp, Thomas, Marine, Moorman, Harris, Morris, Lingagar, Almond.
   Piney Woods Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Ohio (1806-28): Goodwin, Smith, Harrel, Bamb, Elliott, Thornton, Bogue, Moore, Newby.
   Rich Square Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Short Creek (1805-11): Patterson, Maremoon (or Moreman), Taylor; to other Ohio meetings (1805-12): Patterson, Maremoon, Hicks, Crew, Reams.
   Contentnea Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Concord (1802-05): Hall, Edgerton, Outland, Doudna, Albertson, Dodd, Bailey, Morris; to other meetings in Ohio (1805-34): Copeland, Bundy, Collier, Cox, Price, Hollowell, Hobson, Spivy, Thomas, Peele, Hall, Jinnett.
   Bush River Monthly Meeting, S. C.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1805- ): Galbreath, Marmaduke, Mendenhall.
   Wrightsborough Monthly Meeting, Ga.-To Ohio meetings, not specified: Butler, Hollingsworth, Moore, Jay, Pearson, Killey, Henderson, Williams, Brooks.
   Gravelly Run Monthly Meeting, Va.-To meetings chiefly in Ohio (1822-30): Butler, Thomas, Peebles, Binford, Wrenn, Johnson, Hunnicutt, Sems, Watkins.
   Core Sound Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Concord (1802-04): Harris, Thomas, Scott, Williams, Mace.
   Cane Creek Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1805-09): Stanton, Haydock, Cox, Hadly, Baker, Clark, Hussey, Hasket, Mloffit, Hale, Ratcliff.
   New Garden Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1803-31): Hines, Hodgson, Perkins, Starbuck, Williams, Thornburgh, Flanner, Macy, Bunker, Low, Brown, McMuir, James, Jenkins, Russell, Knight, Swain, Blizzard, Jessop, Coffin, Hunt.
   Springfield Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1803-32): Pidgeon, Reece, Newby, Kersey, Bundy, Tomlinson, Mendenhall, Wright, Kellum, Beard, Harlan, Miillikan, Spears, Spencer, Hoggatt.
   Deep River Monthly Meeting, N. C.-To Ohio meetings, not specified (1811-37): Pike, Pegg, Cook, Jones, Stafford, Hubbard.

    Many of the first comers to Concord and Short Creek, Ohio, emigrating before those meetings were definitely established, left their certificates with the nearest meetings in Pennsylvania, being those of Westland, in Washington county, and Redstone, in Fayette county. The following families came to one or both of these places: From Hopewell, Va. (1786-1803): Faulkner, Perviance, Townsend, Sidwell, Berry, Mills, Blackburn, Branson, Hodge, Lewis, Brock, White, Bailey, Smith, Roberts, Wells, Morris, Finch, Antrim. From Fairfax, Va. (1785-1833): Smith, Stokes, Wharton, Davis, Hough, Ward, Mitchner, Plumber, Shine. From Crooked Run, Va. (1787-1803): Cadwalader, Reyley, Hank, Russel, Berry, Wright, Hunt, Richards, Mullen, Updegraff, Lupton,Wood, Evans, Cleaver, Yarnell, Painter, Dillhorn, Taylor, Holloway, Penrose, Miller. From Goose Creek (southern), Va. (1801-03): Oliphant, Erwin, Lewis, Morlan, Richards, Whitaker, Pidgeon, Schooley, Wright, Parsons, Sinclair. From South River, Va. (1801-02): James, Hanna, Baugham, Harris, Holloway, Terrell, Stratton, Ferrall, Carle, Via, Tellus. From Core Sound, N. C. (1799-1802): Howard, Bundy, Bishop, Dew, Ward, Mace, Stanton, Williams. From Contentnea, S. C. (1800): Thomas Arnold. From Mt. Pleasant, Va. (1802): Bradford. From Bush River, S. C. (1802-03): Pugh, Jay, Kelly, O'Neal, Mills, Peaty, Horner, Wright.

The locations of the various monthly meetings named in the foregoing list are as follows:

Bush River--Newberry county, S. C., eight miles northwest from Newberry.

Cane Creek.--Alamance county, N. C., fourteen miles south from Graham.

Cedar Creek.--Hanover county, Va.

Contentnea.--Wayne county, N. C., fifteen miles north from Goldsboro.

Core Sound.--Carteret county, N. C., six miles north from Beaufort.

Crooked Run.--Warren county, Va., nine miles south from Winchester.

Deep River.--Guilford county, N. C., twelve miles southwest from Greensboro.

Fairfax.--Loudoun county, Va., seven miles west of north from Leesburg.

Goose Creek (northern).--Lincoln, Loudoun county, Va.

Goose Creek (southern).--Bedford county, Va., ten miles southeast from Bedford City.

Gravelly Run.-Dinwiddie county, Va., about four miles east from Dinwiddie.

Hopewell.--Frederick county, Va., six miles north from Winchester.

Mount Pleasant.--Frederick county, Va., nine miles southwest from Winchester.

New Garden.--Guilford county, N. C.

Piney Grove--Marlborough county, S. C., nine miles north from Bennettsville.

Piney Woods.--Davidson county, N. C., twelve miles north of east from Lexington.

Rich Square.--Northampton county, N. C.

South River.--Campbell county, Va., near Lynchburg (?).

Springfield.--Guilford county, N. C., near High Point.

Western Branch.--Isle of Wight county, Va., seven miles, nearly southeast from Isle of Wight Court House.

White Oak Swamp.--Henrico county, Va.

Wrightsborough.--McDuffie county, Ga., thirty-six miles northwest from Augusta.